Fears about swine flu have spurred more than 3,000 people so far to volunteer to take part in upcoming clinical trials of a new vaccine. That’s already more than the number scientists will need at eight different sites around the U.S.

“We don’t generally ever get a response like this,” Dr. Lisa Jackson, the principal researcher in charge of the clinical trials being readied at Seattle-based Group Health Cooperative, which fielded more than a thousand calls from people in two days.
U.S. government officials, meanwhile, say they plan to start vaccinating people in October, after researchers have a chance to review the data from trials that should wrap in September. And the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices is reviewing how a new vaccine for A/H1N1 should be provided to people just as the fall seasonal flu vax campaign gets underway. The U.S. has placed orders for 200 million doses with MedImmune, CSL, GlaxoSmithKline, Novartis and Sanofi-Aventis. But health officials haven’t ruled out a national vaccination campaign that would require up to 600 million doses.

Altogether more than 50 governments have placed orders for a huge supply of swine flu vaccine, providing a bonanza for the big manufacturers in the field. And smaller biotech companies are benefiting as well. Early this week shares of Vical, Novavax and BioCryst Pharmaceuticals all shot up as investors scouted the industry for companies likely to get a boost from the pandemic.

New research has highlighted the need to provide vaccinations to pregnant women first, who are among the most vulnerable to the swine flu. Pregnant women are also being advised to take an antiviral like Tamiflu now if they come down with the flu. A new study in the Lancet concludes that while it’s still unknown just how the drugs could affect the fetus, the likely benefits outweigh the risks.

- check out the report from MSNBC
- read the story from the Guardian
- read the story from Reuters

©2012 An Inconvenient Woman. All Rights Reserved.

With the swine flu pandemic grabbing headlines and scaring countries the world over, GlaxoSmithKline says that it expects to reap up to $2.1 billion next year from the sale of a new H1N1 vaccine. And it’s already tripling its capacity to supply the antiviral Relenza as it dickers with about 50 countries over their plans to buy stockpiles of meds to fight the flu.

Glaxo projected $573 million in Relenza sales by the end of this year. And Glaxo says that the demand for flu meds should keep swelling its revenue stream for several years to come.

“In these last three months, governments have rapidly strengthened their pandemic stockpile and prevention strategies,” said GlaxoSmithKline’s chief executive, Andrew Witty. In some cases the talks are at a “very advanced stage. While we are currently seeing a heightened period of demand, it is likely that we will see a sustained level of orders for pandemic products over the next few years.”

Like other vaccine manufacturers, GlaxoSmithKline says that it’s work on a new vaccine has been slowed due to low yields of antigen. But Glaxo says that it should be able to supply governments with what they need by early 2010.

Analysts note that the pandemic couldn’t have come at a better time for Glaxo, one of the world’s largest vaccine makers. Generics have been steadily eating into the company’s margins, leaving Glaxo looking for new products to make up the shortfall.

- read the story from Forbes
- read the report from the Philadelphia Inquirer

©2012 An Inconvenient Woman. All Rights Reserved.

The newly emergent 2009 H1N1 influenza virus is a novel virus with pandemic potential. Consistent with the National Strategy for Pandemic Influenza, HHS is committing funds for the production of pilot lots for clinical studies, as well as a bulk supply of antigen and adjuvant for use in a potential vaccine for the 2009 H1N1 which will become a part of the national stockpile of pre-pandemic influenza vaccines.

A vaccine is made from a virus or bacteria (referred to as an antigen), which causes the human body’s immune system to develop antibodies against a specific virus or bacteria so the body can recognize and fight the virus or bacteria. Adjuvants may be added to a vaccine to help generate a stronger immune response so less vaccine is needed for the body to recognize and fight a virus or bacteria.

Vaccine Development

When the 2009 H1N1 strain was isolated and identified as a novel influenza virus, work began to prepare a virus reference strain. This is a standard practice when new influenza strains are discovered, where a clinical sample of the virus is mixed with another influenza virus that grows in eggs to develop a new virus that has some of the properties of the novel virus and the ability to grow in eggs. This work is necessary in order to create an influenza vaccine using conventional methods.

Once a virus reference strain is ready, it will be made available to influenza vaccine manufacturers in order to create a master virus seed, which prepares a virus to be used in making the vaccine.

Health and Human Services (HHS)Contracting Activities

Since 2004, HHS has contracted with manufacturers that currently hold U.S. licenses for flu vaccine as part of the National Strategy for Pandemic Influenza. In May 2009, HHS issued new orders on these contracts to produce a bulk supply of vaccine antigen and adjuvant and to produce pilot (also called investigational) lots of a 2009 H1N1 vaccine. Most will be stored in bulk, and a small amount will be prepared as vaccine for use in clinical studies to evaluate vaccine safety and the dosage required for a protective effect. This research will include studies with adjuvant to determine its safety and the effect it would have on the immune system’s response.

Orders for Bulk Supply of 2009 H1N1 Influenza Vaccine Antigen and Adjuvant

©2012 An Inconvenient Woman. All Rights Reserved.

This just in from my favorite Big Phara Newsletter, FiercePharma

Using its baculovirus and insect cell manufacturing technology, Protein Sciences estimates that it could be delivering H1N1 swine flu vaccine by mid July. That includes quality testing time, the manufacturer says.

The World Health Organization last week raised the pandemic level to phase 6, calling for the implementation of “individual, societal, and pharmaceutical measures” as well as implementation of contingency plans for health systems. WHO continues to recommend no restrictions on travel and no border closures, however.

Some 100,000 doses of Protein Sciences’ PanBlok vaccine, being produced from this week forward, will be targeted for clinical trials and for vaccinations in countries that have granted regulatory clearance.

The company says it is in discussions with “various parties” in the U.S. and abroad to conduct human clinical trials. Such studies will evaluate different doses, two dosing regimens, and a formulation of the vaccine containing adjuvant.

Meanwhile, following the WHO announcement, GlaxoSmithKline says it is going to increase production of its anti-viral Relenza, and continue developing a swine flu vaccine. Separately, Chinese vaccine maker Sinovac Biotech says it hopes to put its H1N1 vaccine through its first clinical trial by the end of July.

The following is a GSK  press release is intended for business journalists and analysts/investors.

GlaxoSmithKline update: A (H1N1) influenza

Issued: Friday 12 June 2009, London, UK

• WHO raises influenza pandemic alert to phase 6
• GSK has started development ofa new candidate A (H1N1) adjuvanted influenza vaccine
• Production of seasonal influenza vaccine for 2009/2010 Northern Hemisphere influenza season continues in parallel

The World Health Organisation (WHO) has announced it has raised the current level of influenza pandemic alert from phase 5 to phase 6.  As stated by the WHO, phase 6 indicates that there now is a pandemic ongoing caused by the new A (H1N1) influenza virus.  The WHO has stated in their current assessment of the situation that this pandemic is currently of a moderate severity.

In addition to increasing production and supply of the anti-viral medication, Relenza (zanamivir), the company continues to focus efforts on the development of a candidate A (H1N1) adjuvanted influenza vaccine.

Following receipt of the seed strain from the WHO at the end of May, the company has begun the process necessary for development of the new vaccine at both the Canadian and German manufacturing sites.  The first step for manufacturing an influenza vaccine is to prepare the seed strain for production, which will take several weeks.  The company will then start production of the new candidate A (H1N1) influenza vaccine.  The first doses of the A (H1N1) vaccine antigen are expected to be available in four to six months time, subject to regulatory approval.

GSK remains committed to supporting governments and health authorities around the world respond to the emergence of the new A (H1N1) influenza virus, including addressing the needs of developing countries.  GSK has offered to convert its intended donation to the WHO of 50 million doses of H5N1 pre-pandemic vaccine to the new candidate A (H1N1) adjuvanted influenza vaccine once production begins.  As capacity increases, GSK will supply the vaccine to developing countries under a tiered-pricing policy based on World Bank classifications and GAVI eligibility.

In parallel,GSK will continue production of its seasonal influenza vaccine supply for the 2009/2010 Northern Hemisphere influenza season.  GSK also continues to supply vaccine for use in the Southern Hemisphere as it enters the winter season this year.

GlaxoSmithKline – one of the world’s leading research-based pharmaceutical and healthcare companies – is committed to improving the quality of human life by enabling people to do more, feel better and live longer.  For further information please visit www.gsk.com

Cautionary statement regarding forward-looking statements
Under the safe harbor provisions of the U.S. Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, GSK cautions investors that any forward-looking statements or projections made by GSK, including those made in this announcement, are subject to risks and uncertainties that may cause actual results to differ materially from those projected. Factors that may affect GSK’ s operations are described under ‘Risk Factors’ in the ‘Business Review’ in the company’ s Annual Report on Form 20-F for 2008.

US Media enquiries: Nancy Pekarek (919) 483 2839 Mary Anne Rhyne (919) 483 2839 Kevin Colgan (919) 483 2839 Lisa Behrens (919) 483 2839

- read the Protein Sciences announcement

-From Reuters – China’s Sinovac enters race for flu vaccine

©2012 An Inconvenient Woman. All Rights Reserved.

GlaxoSmithKline has aggressively pursued a vaccine-production capability in Asia with a Chinese flu shot joint venture and a new plant in Singapore to make pneumonia vaccines. The company inked an alliance with Shenzhen Neptunus to make flu vaccines for markets in China, Hong Kong and Macau; Glaxo gets a 40 percent initial stake in the JV in exchange for a contribution of cash and assets worth $34 million. Within two years, GSK plans to take a majority interest in the partnership.

Andrew Witty, CEO, GlaxoSmithKline

Meanwhile, Glaxo chief Andrew Witty went to Singapore to open its largest vaccine plant in Asia. Singapore Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong said his city-state is “proud to be a part of this project” and said work at the $600 million, 85,000-square-meter plant could save 3 million lives per year worldwide. Over the next two years the plant will ramp up to 1,100 workers, setting up production processes and quality controls, Witty said. Glaxo expects commercial production to begin there in 2011. Lee noted that GSK and Singapore shared a longstanding and enduring relationship after it first set up a small sales office here in 1959, the year Singapore gained self-government. Since then GSK has invested S$1.5 billion and expanded its activities in Singapore into manufacturing, drug discovery and clinical research, making the city-state one of the company’s two global strategic manufacturing hubs and its regional headquarters for Asia Pacific. Lee said the republic might explore the possibility of offering the city-state to be the corporate base for global companies, both big and small. “In the past, global companies operated with just one corporate headquarters, where all their key decision-makers were based. However, Asia is now the main growth story in the world,” he said, adding that many companies were therefore looking to locate their key functions and decision makers closer to Asian markets. With more and more manufacturing and research and development taking place in the region, companies were also establishing ‘control towers’ to better manage and coordinate their research and production activities.

“Singapore’s stable and pro-business environment, excellent connectivity and competent workforce make us an ideal Asian base for these companies.“  — Singapore Prime Minister, Lee Hsien Loong

At the Singapore press conference, Witty also offered his views on the global economy: sluggish, with continued economic contraction. “This could be a relatively anemic economic backdrop for a while,” he said. “I’m not yet confident that anything is very different today than it was three months ago. I think we’re still seeing an environment very similar to the one we saw in the second half of last year.” In April, GlaxoSmithKline reported first quarter profit fell 13 per cent based on weak US pharmaceutical sales.
- see the China JV story from Reuters
- see the Bernama’s Singapore coverage
- get more from the Straits Times

©2012 An Inconvenient Woman. All Rights Reserved.

“Never doubt that a small group of thoughtful, committed citizens can change the world. Indeed, it is the only thing that ever has.”

—Margaret Mead, US Anthropologist  (1901 – 1978)

On May 24th at 10:26 pm Cynthia Janak, Research Journalist, Founder and President of International Coalition of Advocates for the People hit the send button on her email client.

The Subject Line read: “Serious Concerns regarding the safety and efficacy of the HPV Vaccines”

The message was addressed:  To the esteemed members of the Robert Koch Institute and Health Minister of Germany,

And the simple message read:

The attached paper has been prepared by concerned individuals from the United Kingdom, United States of America and Holland in regards to the safety and efficacy of the HPV vaccines.

We intend to prove that the serious health concerns that are becoming evident due to Gardasil and Cervarix around the world are valid.  You will see that the studies themselves will prove the lack of efficacy and the increased risks to the health of our young people.  Also entered into this report are communications with the lead researcher for both Gardasil and Cervarix.  Included are reports of young girls and women who have had serious adverse effects and deaths with unknown etiology from America and Europe.   Attached is a video of Karen Maynor who lost her daughter after receiving the Gardasil vaccination.  This mother is trying to come to terms with the fact that the post mortem determination is unknown.

We also want you to know that an inquiry was done by the researchers in the United States as to the overall health and activity level of the affected young people pre-vaccination.  The results of the inquiry and investigation that ensued are startling.  It has been determined that the young people most likely to be affected are very active, athletic and high achievers or have a serious weight problem.  A subset of the affected received the vaccination when they were at the pre-menstrual time of their cycle.  What these three groups have in common is that estrogen, which we know protects the brain from stroke, is decreased leaving the brain more susceptible to damage of the capillaries and the neurotoxin Aluminum.

We are aware that you are questioning the effectiveness of Cervarix.   Thousands of young girls and women are experiencing severe adverse events and their quality of life is vastly diminished around the world from Gardasil and Cervarix HPV vaccines.  Could you please also look at the bigger picture in regards to the safety of our children and take into account the many comments which have been made.

We do so hope you will read our submission and if you wish to ask any questions of the authors, email addresses have been provided.  We do so hope that you will give serious consideration to our many concerns in regards to the safety and efficacy of both HPV vaccines.

Sincerely,
Cynthia Janak

That email was both a culmination and a beginning.

The submission of the paper culminated years of research, analysis, and educational advocacy by a group of dedicated volunteers lead by Cynthia Janak and ICAP co-founder, Leslie C. Botha.  The work was an international effort.  A  group of women – three from the United States, two from The Netherlands, one from the UK and one from Scotland spent two weeks coalescing years of research, examining FDA, CDC and Merck documents relating to Gardasil, compiling a factual report from their respective countries that documented concerns about the safety and efficacy of the HPV Vaccine.

Reports are titled:

Treatise on Gardasil from the United States;
United States Concern for Europe with regards to Cervarix HPV vaccine;
United Kingdom Concerns Regarding HPV-GM Vaccines;
The Dutch Cervarix Concerns;
and, One Mother’s Plea.

The successful submission of these reports to the thirteen scientists at the Robert Koch Institute (RKI) in Germany and to the German Health Minister was also a beginning. The reports represented the first educational advocacy project undertaken by the International Coalition of Advocates for the People. RKI is re-examining the safety of the HPV vaccine for use in their country. Their decision will be made in the next few weeks.

ICAP Advocates, Freda Birrell and Christina England released the reports to the media in Scotland and the UK – and to their respective parliaments. Ms England, a research journalist, has written several well received articles that have been published by news outlets on both sides of the Atlantic. The women have received acclaim and praise for their due diligence in presenting information that backs up their concerns:

The Scotsman – June 2, 2009

http://news.scotsman.com/world/Call-to-review-cancer-vaccine.5323346.jp

In previous posts I have mentioned Netherlands-based ICAP advocates, Janny Stokvis and Annelies Witlam who have worked tirelessly to support the HPV-vaccine education process in the Netherlands, the UK, EU Canada and Americ

ICAP’s first international effort has been a success. Seven women who became international advocates wrote a paper about HPV vaccines to educate all necessary parties in Europe.   This paper has been distributed throughout Europe and to select individuals in the United States.

Presently, thirteen German scientists from the Robert Koch Institute are questioning the effectiveness of these vaccines.  They are also asking for evidence now from the Standing Committee based on the scientists’ views.

Scotland now is questioning the vaccines over fears about the adverse reactions being reported in Scotland and England.

Also, in the UK leading scientists and doctors have raised fresh concerns about the safety of a cervical cancer vaccine.  They have accused the manufacturers of Cervarix and Gardasil, of making misleading claims.

I am proud to be counted amongst these seven women Advocates and a charter member of the International Coalition of Advocates For The People (ICAP).

©2012 An Inconvenient Woman. All Rights Reserved.

One of my favorite ePeriodicals, FIERCE BIOTECH, The BioTech Industry’s Daily Monitor featured this story by John Carroll  today

GSK’s Witty envisions new research ties to biotechs

Anxious to create a more innovative environment to develop new drugs, GlaxoSmithKline CEO Andrew Witty says the pharma giant is exploring ways to link its research facilities around the world to start-up biotech companies that can collaborate on new products.

“Startups could co-locate with us and create a new type of foundation for discovery,” Witty told the International Association of Science Parks conference in Raleigh, home to one of the country’s largest research centers. And he reiterated GSK’s interest in small acquisitions and partnerships to provide a fresh jolt of new ideas for a company in bad need of good drug development programs.

Witty also underscored that the presence of large academic institutions staffed with top researchers won’t be enough to woo companies like GSK in the future. Even more important, he says, is a pro-business attitude “to make the interface between industry and academia porous.”

- check out the report from the News & Observer

Related Articles:
Pharma looks to biotech for R&D model
GSK outlines plans to become more ‘biotech-like’
GSK chief elaborates on biotech strategy

Read more about: strategy, GlaxoSmithKline, Andrew Witty

The quote from Andrew Witty, GKS CEO gave me pause:

“Even more important, is a pro-business attitude to make the interface between industry and academia porous.”

Is a porous, pro-business attitude between industry and academia a good thing?  Based our current experience with GKS HPV-vaccine, Cervarix, I’m thinking, perhaps not.

I read this story and followed the links and read the other articles. If you are a business-geek, chip-head like me you can see the symetry of the GSK plan. It makes business sense and takes advantage of the new IT technologies and process to streamline development processes. An old Edwards Deming grad like me throughally approves. The women’s health advocate in me is conncerned that the line between objective research and critical trial results and repoting will be blurred by the technology. GKS has not been the best corporate citizen, old school. GKS in the ‘cloud’ computing environment bare a watchful eye.

©2012 An Inconvenient Woman. All Rights Reserved.

UK health officials have wrongly assumed the human papilloma virus (HPV) vaccine can prevent 70 per cent of cases of cervical cancer and press reports show “German experts said the assumptions simply did not stand up to scrutiny, and that women remained at risk“: Experts Cast Doubt on Claim for ‘Wonder’ Cancer Jabs Sunday Express 31 May 2009: Cervical cancer jabs cast into doubt after experts question effectiveness

Scotland On Sunday 10th May 2009.

The HPV vaccine can have serious adverse effects with high levels of reported adverse reactions.  Death and debilitating illness have been claimed but officials do not acknowledge an association.

Germany’s Robert Koch Institute, which makes recommendations on the public funding of vaccines, is reviewing its programme after 13 experts called for a reassessment of its HPV vaccination programme and an end to “misleading information” about the effectiveness of the jab.  A spokeswoman said: “Because of the public discussion and some new reports and new statements from the 13 professors, the committee will publish a statement within the next few weeks.”

Dawn Primarolo MP for Bristol South since 1987

The UK’s New Labour Government has been aggressively pursuing the HPV vaccine programme in schools out of sight of parental control.  Some consent forms reportedly have no decline option.   There are anecdotal reports of young girls being cross-examined in school corridors by health officials on parental consent issues. British Health Minister Dawn Primarolo is closely associated with the pursuit of the policy.

The Sunday Express reports Professor Martina Doren, of the Charitie Hospital in Berlin:

“What concerns us is that the two manufacturers of the vaccine aren’t always using facts. They claim that a lot of high-risk strains of cancer-causing virus are protected against but equally there are others that are not. If protection is not more than 20 per cent then that is an awful lot of money to be spending, particularly as the vaccines have quite serious side-effects.”

A spokesman for GlaxoSmithKline, which makes Cervarix, was unable to provide figures on cases of pre-cancerous cells in women who have taken the vaccine, compared with those who have not.

Scottish Conservative health spokeswoman Mary Scanlon said:

“Given this new research, it is now incumbent on the Scottish Government and the chief medical officer to review the vaccination programme to ensure that it lives up to the expectations of preventing cervical cancer.”

The HPV vaccine programme is based on recommendations of the UK’s Joint Committee on Vaccination and Immunisation. This highlights questions over the competence of the UK’s JCVI to make recommendations on UK vaccination programmes and the competence of medical professionals in general to express opinions on scientific matters.

The JCVI has a documented history of recklessness over vaccination policy and a needle-happy reputation along with concerns about financial and other conflicts of interest: Secret British MMR Vaccine Files Forced Open By Legal Action but from April 1 this year has been given in unfettered control of UK Government vaccination policy for England: UK Government Hands Drug Industry Control of Childhood Vaccination.  And as the British Medical Journal confirms Doctors are not scientists: Doctors are not scientists — Smith 328 (7454): BMJ.

If the vaccine is not effective, then its adverse effects cannot be justified but in the UK we see no official comment on the vaccine’s risk profile.  This highlights how public safety issues fail to be addressed as a result of  what some claim is a quasi-religious belief created by the drug industry in the importance of vaccines and the fear medical professionals have of making public criticisms on safety grounds.

The push for mass vaccination is driven by the commercial interest of the drug industry in moving to new business models.  Financial markets have known for 20 years and more the pharmaceutical industry’s blockbuster patented drugs business model would eventualy fail

The Bill Gates’ Microsoft type business model is one of the emerging replacements – almost everyone has Windows software on their PC – almost everyone will be vax’ed.  Gates quickly became a multi-billionaire.  With vastly more people to vaccinate than computers requiring software the lure of money for the pharmaceutical industry is substantial.

Alongside the expansion of vaccination programmes the childhood prevalence of lifetime conditions like asthma, allergies, autism, diabetes and others requiring further medications have increased substantially.

©2012 An Inconvenient Woman. All Rights Reserved.

May 10, 2009 | about stocks: GSK / MRK

Mike Huckman is CNBC’s Pharmaceutical Reporter covering the drug, biotechnology and medical device industries. Huckman is based at the network’s global headquarters in Englewood Cliffs, N.J. and contributor to Seeking Alpha.com The following is his take on the HPV-vaccine strategies of both Merck and GlaxoSmithKline.

©2012 An Inconvenient Woman. All Rights Reserved.

HPV vaccines were a hot topic during the 25th International Papillomavirus Conference, held May 8-14 in Malmö, Sweden. In the weeks leading up to the big event, Glaxo’s PR machine has been touting new Cervarix vs. Gardasil head-to-head study, saying Cervarix prompted a stronger immune response. The ever-marketing Merck has been promoting its own ‘new’ study data, which claims Gardasil offers protection from certain HPV strains for up to 9.5 years. Originally, the Merck marketing blitzkrieg claimed Gardasil’s protective shield lasted for five years. Based on another study, which they did not site in the press release, Merck is now claiming their HPV-vaccine, Gardasil cut down on abnormal Pap tests and cervical procedures. It should be noted that GlaxoSmithKline were platinum sponsors of the International Papillomavirus Conference, and Merck was an exhibitor.

Well the big boys huffed and they puffed, but neither Merck nor Glaxo posited the big issue —can trial data make a big difference in revenues for either company?

Merck’s U.S. sales of Gardasil are falling off, sharply, plummeting 33 percent in the first quarter, and Glaxo’s Cervarix has not yet won FDA approval for sales in the US.

Thanks to a Fast Track approval from FDA and an endorsement from the CDC, not to mention aggressive lobbying and a wildly successful, but predatory marketing campaign, Merck has the sole HPV shot available in the U.S. to date. It’s fully entrenched in the market. However, during the past year, Merck has seen a trending decline in the sales of its HPV vaccine, Gardasil. Parental backlash to State mandated Gardasil vaccination policies, has slowed down the lobbying juggernaut that marked Merck’s 2006 Gardasil vaccine introduction. An increasing number of adverse effects, including death, have been reported, raising safety concerns. In the final count, the decline in Gardasil sales can be attributed to Merck’s award-winning “One Less” marketing program. It was wildly successful in attracting huge numbers of early adapters. Caring mom’s flocked to their family doctors for the Gardasil shot, wanting to protect their girls from cervical cancer. As the majority of early adapter girls and young women complete their three-shot series, the pool of unvaccinated females shrinks. To grow that market Merck has been positioning Gardasil for wider distribution the new target market is older women and boys.

Even with the long-delayed FDA approval, Glaxo will have to fight very hard indeed to crave out significant market share for it’s HPV-vaccine, Cervarix. Glaxo is dealing with efficacy issues in the U.K. The Scotsman reports that an influential German public-health organization is reviewing both Cervarix and Gardasil HPV-vaccination policy after 13 researchers claimed that governments might have bought into “overly optimistic” assumptions about how effective HPV-vaccination really is against cervical cancer. The Robert Koch Institute says it will issue a report in two weeks. Additionally, HPV-vaccine critics in Scotland are calling for government to review its $97 million commitment to its HPV-vaccination program.

Research sources:

25th International Papillomavirus Conference Proceeds

The Scotsman

FiercePharma Newsletter

Merck Press Release

©2012 An Inconvenient Woman. All Rights Reserved.