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51. calorie

a unit of energy-producing potential in food.

52. cancer

a group of diseases in which abnormal cells divide without control. Cancer cells can invade nearby tissues and can spread through the bloodstream and lymphatic system to other parts of the body.

53. candida

a fungus, called Candida albicans, that causes yeast infections like thrush in the mouth and throat, and in intestines and other parts of the body.

54. carbohydrates

compounds such as sugars and starches that occur in food and are broken down to release energy in the body.

55. Carcinogenicity

the possibility of causing cancer by altering cellular metabolism or damaging DNA directly in cells, which interferes with normal biological processes. In pathology, a carcinogen is any substance or agent that promotes cancer. Carcinogens are also often, but not necessarily, mutagens or teratogens.)

56. cardiovascular diseases

disease of the heart and blood vessels.

57. cataplexy

a sudden loss of motor tone and strength.

58. cataracts

cloudy or thick areas in the lens of the eye.

59. celiac disease

a digestive disease that damages the small intestine and interferes with absorption of nutrients from food. When people with celiac disease eat foods containing gluten, their immune system responds by damaging the small intestine.

60. central agonists

a type of medicine used to treat high blood pressure. Central agonists work by relaxing the blood vessels so that blood can flow more easily through the body.

61. cerebrovascular disease

disease of the blood vessels in the brain.

62. cervical cancer

happens when normal cells in the cervix change into cancer cells. This change normally takes several years to happen, but it can also happen in a very short amount of time. Before the cells turn into cancer, abnormal cells develop on the cervix that can be found by a Pap test. Women generally don’t have symptoms of cervical cancer. But when cervical cancer is not found early and spreads deeper into your cervix or to other tissues or organs, you might have pain during sex; bleeding from your vagina after sex, between periods, or after menopause; heavy vaginal discharge that may have a bad odor; heavier bleeding during your period; or a menstrual period that lasts longer than normal. Human papillomavirus (HPV), a group of viruses, can cause abnormal changes on the cervix that can lead to cervical cancer. HPV is very common, and you can get it through sexual contact with another person who has HPV.

63. cervix

the lower, narrow part of the uterus (womb). The cervix forms a canal that opens into the vagina, which leads to the outside of the body.

64. cesarean (C-section)

procedure where the baby is delivered through an abdominal incision.

65. chemotherapy

treatment with anticancer drugs.

66. chickenpox

a disease caused by the varicella-zoster virus, which results in a blister-like rash, itching, tiredness, and fever.

67. chlamydia

a common sexually transmitted disease (STD). Most people have no symptoms, but chlamydia can cause serious damage a women’s reproductive organs. When a woman does have symptoms, they may include thin vaginal discharge and other symptoms similar to gonorrhea like burning when urinating. Long-term irritation may cause lower abdominal pain, inflammation of the pelvic organs, and pelvic inflammatory disease (PID).

68. cholesterol

a fatty substance present in all parts of the body. It is a component of cell membranes and is used to make vitamin D and some hormones. Some cholesterol in the body is produced by the liver and some is derived from food, particularly animal products. A high level of cholesterol in the blood can help cause atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease. In the blood, cholesterol is bound to chemicals called lipoproteins. Cholesterol attached to low-density lipoprotein (LDL) harms health and is often called ìbad cholesterol.î Cholesterol attached to high-density lipoprotein (HDL) is good for health and is often called ìgood cholesterol.î

69. chorionic villus sampling (CVS)

If necessary this test is performed between 10 and 12 weeks of pregnancy and can indicate the same chromosomal abnormalities and genetic disorders as amniocentesis can. It also can detect the baby’s sex and risk of spina bifida.

70. chronic

long lasting condition.

71. chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS)

a complex disorder characterized by extreme fatigue that lasts six months or longer, and does not improve with rest or is worsened by physical or mental activity. Other symptoms can include weakness, muscle pain, impaired memory and/or mental concentration, and insomnia. The cause is unknown.

72. cirrhosis

the result of chronic liver disease, where the liver is scarred and no longer functions properly. This causes many complications, including build up of fluid in the abdomen, bleeding disorders, increased pressure in the blood vessels and brain function disorders.

73. cleft lip and palate

congenital abnormalities (present at birth) that affect the upper lip and the hard and soft palate of the mouth. Features range from a small notch in the lip to a complete fissure, or groove, extending into the roof of the mouth and nose. These features may occur separately or together.

74. coercion

To force someone to do something that they do not want to do.

75. colon cancer

cancer in the inner lining of the colon. The colon is the part of the digestive tract that removes water from feces before the feces leaves the body through the anus. Most colon cancers start as noncancerous growths called polyps.

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